TECHSHORE INSPECTION SERVICES : DETECTION OF WELD DEFECTS USING X-RAY

Various NDT methods are used to detect defects in welded joints. Liquid Penetrant Test, Magnetic Particle test, Ultra Sound Test, Radiographic Test, etc. One of the best tests among NDT is radiographic test.X-ray test is one of the popular tests used in radiographic method.

X-rays are produced with the aid of a vacuum tube. The arrangements inside a vacuum tube consist of a cathode (Tungsten) & an anode. As we know cathode is of negative charge & anode is of positive charge. 

When a high voltage is applied, the tungsten gets heated & as a result it starts to emit electrons. As soon as the electrons are liberated it gets attracted towards the anode, since electrons are of negative charge. The electrons move at a very high velocity & strike the anode. Due to this sudden collision the electrons loses its kinetic energy (K.E). According to Law of Conservation of Energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but it can only be changed from one form to another.

As a result the K.E of electrons gets converted to heat energy &X-rays. Only a small portion (<1% only) is converted to X-rays. Remaining portions are converted to heat energy. This small amount of X-rays is used for radiographic test in NDT.

Since large amount of heat is produced, the anode gets heated up tremendously. In order to avoid overheating, anode is continuously cooled using cold water. The area of the anode where electrons get strike (Focal Spot) should be sufficiently large for propagation of heat.

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