Saturday, September 24, 2016

Techshore Turbine Flow meter

Turbine flow meter
Instrumentation mainly deals with different types of process variables such as flow, level, temperature and pressure. Sensors are the devices used to sense these process variables. Turbine flow meter is a major flow measuring sensor. Flow is mainly classified into three types based on the Reynolds number value. They are laminar flow, turbulent flow and transitional flow. For measuring turbulent as well as transitional flows only we are using turbine flow meter. Based on the turbine principle only the flow meter is working. At both the inlet and outlet side of the turbine flow meter so many pipelines will be provided and this will help to have a straight flow. As this flow enters inside the flow meter the turbine inside it will be starts rotating based on the pressure excreted. The movement of the turbine will be directly proportional flow rate. As the turbine moves the movement will be counted by the magnetic pickup which is placed above the turbine. The increase in count indicated by the magnetic pickup indicates the increase in flow rate and vice versa. A transmitter section is also inbuilt inside this sensor. So the output produced will be 4-20 mA.

Turbine Flow meter

Turbine flow meter

Instrumentation mainly deals with different types of process variables such as flow, level, temperature and pressure. Sensors are the devices used to sense these process variables. Turbine flow meter is a major flow measuring sensor. Flow is mainly classified into three types based on the Reynolds number value. They are laminar flow, turbulent flow and transitional flow. For measuring turbulent as well as transitional flows only we are using turbine flow meter. Based on the turbine principle only the flow meter is working. At both the inlet and outlet side of the turbine flow meter so many pipelines will be provided and this will help to have a straight flow. As this flow enters inside the flow meter the turbine inside it will be starts rotating based on the pressure excreted. The movement of the turbine will be directly proportional flow rate. As the turbine moves the movement will be counted by the magnetic pickup which is placed above the turbine. The increase in count indicated by the magnetic pickup indicates the increase in flow rate and vice versa. A transmitter section is also inbuilt inside this sensor. So the output produced will be 4-20 mA.

Friday, September 23, 2016

Pigging Technology 2013

Pipeline inspection: crack detection technologies

Piping inspection: Crack Detection Technology
High pressure oil and gas pipelines are susceptible to develop crack defect regardless of coating. Crack Inspection Technology for liquid pipelines is ULTRASCAN.
Phased Array Technique is the most advanced Ultrasonic Technique.  Used for thickness measurement as well as Crack detection and sizing.
It consists of multiple UT elements within a common sensor with simultaneously firing modes. Controlled focus and direction of UT waves will helps in identifying maximum resolution of wall thinning and corrosion. We are also able to detect complex crack features by adjustable firing modes and angles form the same sensor.
Electromagnetic Acoustic Transduction
Electromagnetic pulses generate ultrasonic guided waves within a pipe wall. This will provide a highly accurate crack detection, sizing and discrimination. And the sensors are also designed in such a way that the signal to noise ratio must be maximized. Sensor signals are then aligned and correlated. 

Techshore Enhanced Oil Recovery

Techshore: Enhanced Oil Recovery
Recovery of oil and gas from the reservoir is the important part. Oil and gas is inside the reservoir and we need to take it out to the surface. it is called as recovery technique. Initially the oil will be having a pressure and will come naturally to the surface of the earth called primary recovery or natural recovery. After wards we will go for artificial lifts. Artificial lift is mainly used for providing an additional energy. In case of oil drilling if the crude oil is not coming outside naturally means we will apply an additional force to pump the oil from the reservoir to the surface area. When the oil pressure reduces and it reaches a bubble point we will think about artificial lifts. They are mainly of four different types. First is beam pump. Here a beam is introduced and it is moving up and down. By this to and forth movement or reciprocating movement of the beam pump it will lift the oil upwards to the surface. The motor and pump are placed on the surface. The second method used in the advanced stage is called as Electrical submersible pumping (ESP). Here the motor and pump are placed inside the reservoir. As the motor operates the oil will enters inside the centrifugal pump by the external pressure which is excreted by the motor. The third method is Progressive cavity pumps (PCP). Here the pump will be inside the tube and the motor will be placed outside. In this method we are increasing the pressure inside the reservoir and pumping out the oil.
If the oil is above 30 API that oil is called as Light Crude Oil.  If the oil is in between 20 and 30 API we consider it as Medium Oil. If it is in between 10 and 20 we consider it as Heavy Crude Oil. If our reservoir is having heavy oil we cannot recover it by any above mentioned methods. In such cases we are using EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). For this we are mainly using three methods.
Ø Thermal Recovery
Ø Chemical Flooding
Ø Miscible Gas Injection

Sunday, September 18, 2016

Techshore - Non Destructive Testing (NDT) Probe Caliberation



Ultrasonic testing probe calibration

Calibration means standardization. If you are getting a test material means you cannot directly go for its testing. Before that you should check whether your probe is working properly or not. That is called as probe calibration. We are using different types of probes for different testing such as normal probe, angle probe..etc. the actual result will be known for us and by calibrating these probes we are checking whether we are getting those values or not. If you are not getting that values means you must mark the percentage of error or else we should go for maintenance of the particular probe.
Related blogs :

http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2017/01/Techshore-Inspection-Services-ndt-ultrasonic-testing.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/12/Techshore-Inspection-Services-liquid-penetrant-test.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-contact.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-technique-through.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-pulse.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasonic-testing-techniques.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-generation-principles-of.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-beam-explained.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/introduction-to-ndt-non-destructive.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-non-destructive-testing-ndt.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-inspection-services-explains_6.html

Documents : 

https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/civil-engineering-process-of-well-treatment-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-liquid-penetration-test-techshore

Additional references:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfufdF0-Hs3sLu1IX52ZJYA/videos
http://techshore.in/blog
http://techshore-updates.blogspot.in/
https://techshore-inspection-services.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspectionservices.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspections.blogspot.in/


You Tube Tutorials :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfW1eL0aTlU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URlwZ3R94u8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w9Cl58-p34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVnsx5VC77g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZD4je9Fbn8

Saturday, September 17, 2016

Techshore - NDT(Non Destructive Testing) Introduction 01



NDT means Non Destructive Testing. Normally we may use two different types of testing methods such as destructive testing as well as non destructive testing for a test material. Destructive testing means we must destroy that particular test material and detect whether some defect is there or not.  In this case we cannot use that material afterwards. So we are going for NDT. Here we are not doing any harm to the test material so that we may reuse it. NDT mainly follows two different standards.
·       American Standards (ASNT)
·       British Standards.
In NDT we are mainly dealing four different types of testing methods.
Ø Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
Ø Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT)
Ø Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
Ø Radiographic Testing (RT)
Ultrasonic Testing (UT)
We are mainly using the Ultrasonic sounds waves for the testing. This method is commonly used for finding out the internal discontinuities present inside a test material. The sound waves will passes through the test materials and produce an echo.
Liquid Penetrant Testing (LPT)
LPT is the technique used for finding out surface discontinuity by applying a Penetrant on the surface of the test specimen.

Magnetic Particle Testing (MPT)
MPT also used for finding out surface discontinuity by utilizing the test specimens magnetizing property.
Radiographic Testing (RT)

RT is used for finding out internal discontinuity such as porous, cracks, voids. etc. This is done by making use of electromagnetic waves. And an image will be produced on the radiographic film. By analyzing the film we are able to find out the defect.

Related blogs :

http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2017/01/Techshore-Inspection-Services-ndt-ultrasonic-testing.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/12/Techshore-Inspection-Services-liquid-penetrant-test.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-contact.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-technique-through.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-pulse.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasonic-testing-techniques.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-generation-principles-of.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-beam-explained.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/introduction-to-ndt-non-destructive.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-non-destructive-testing-ndt.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-inspection-services-explains_6.html

Documents : 

https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/civil-engineering-process-of-well-treatment-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-liquid-penetration-test-techshore

Additional references:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfufdF0-Hs3sLu1IX52ZJYA/videos
http://techshore.in/blog
http://techshore-updates.blogspot.in/
https://techshore-inspection-services.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspectionservices.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspections.blogspot.in/


You Tube Tutorials :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfW1eL0aTlU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URlwZ3R94u8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w9Cl58-p34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVnsx5VC77g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZD4je9Fbn8

Sunday, September 11, 2016

Question 11 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What happens for a normal probe if the crystal used in it is lithium sulphateExplain with reason ?

Question 10 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What happens for a liquid with higher contact angle used as a penetrant ?

Question 9 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What is the difference between a beam center reflected from a defect and a beam edge reflected from the same defect ?

Question 8 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What happens to resolution if the number of cycle per second in a wave is increased ?

Question 7 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

Why a shear wave refracting at 90 degree through a surface called as a surface wave , whereas a longitudinal refracting by the same not called as a surface wave ?

Question 6 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What is the shear wave angle in probe to produce 60 degree wave in aluminum ?

Question 5 : Techshore Inspection Services - Onam 2016 Contest

Can we inspect a human body using an Einstein 2 TFT equipment and why?

Question 4 : Techshore Inspection Services - Onam 2016 Contest

Shear wave cannot travel through solid material,but then how the same shear wave can be propagated  through a solid material under immersion testing technique ?

Question 3 : Techshore Inspection Services - Onam 2016 Contest

What  is the result of signals if the sound wave propagated into the material is an undamped pulse?

Question 2 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What happens to TR probe if both crystals are placed at Zero degree?

Question 1 : Techshore Inspection Services : Onam 2016 Contest

What happens to fresnel zone when the number of cycles in a sound pulse is decreased ?


'Techshore Inspection Services' : What Can NOT be Inspected Via PT?

What Can NOT  be Inspected Via PT?

  • Components with rough surfaces, such as sand castings, that trap and hold penetrant.
  • Porous ceramics 
  • Wood and other fibrous materials.
  • Plastic parts that absorb or react with the penetrant materials. 
  • Components with coatings that prevent penetrants from entering defects.

Wednesday, September 7, 2016

Techshore Inspection Services Explains Ultrasonic Sound Testing.

Ultrasonic Sound Testing (USD)




Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency sound energy to conduct examinations and make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection can be used for flaw detection/evaluation, dimensional measurements, material characterization, and more. To illustrate the general inspection principle, a typical pulse/echo inspection configuration as illustrated below will be used.



A typical UT inspection system consists of several functional units, such as the pulser/receiver, transducer, and display devices. A pulser/receiver is an electronic device that can produce high voltage electrical pulses. Driven by the pulser, the transducer generates high frequency ultrasonic energy. The sound energy is introduced and propagates through the materials in the form of waves. When there is a discontinuity (such as a crack) in the wave path, part of the energy will be reflected back from the flaw surface.
The reflected wave signal is transformed into an electrical signal by the transducer and is displayed on a screen. In the applet below, the reflected signal strength is displayed versus the time from signal generation to when a echo was received. Signal travel time can be directly related to the distance that the signal traveled. From the signal, information about the reflector location, size, orientation and other features can sometimes be gained.

Ultrasonic Inspection is a very useful and versatile NDT method. Some of the advantages of ultrasonic inspection that are often cited include
  1. It is sensitive to both surface and subsurface discontinuities.
  2. The depth of penetration for flaw detection or measurement is superior to other NDT methods.
  3. Only single-sided access is needed when the pulse-echo technique is used.
  4. It is highly accurate in determining reflector position and estimating size and shape.
  5. Minimal part preparation is required.
  6. Electronic equipment provides instantaneous results.
  7. Detailed images can be produced with automated systems.
  8. It has other uses, such as thickness measurement, in addition to flaw detection.

As with all NDT methods, ultrasonic inspection also has its limitations, which include.
  1. Surface must be accessible to transmit ultrasound.
  2. Skill and training is more extensive than with some other methods.
  3. It normally requires a coupling medium to promote the transfer of sound energy into the test specimen.
  4. Materials that are rough, irregular in shape, very small, exceptionally thin or not homogeneous are difficult to inspect.
  5. Cast iron and other coarse grained materials are difficult to inspect due to low sound transmission and high signal noise.
  6. Linear defects oriented parallel to the sound beam may go undetected.
  7. Reference standards are required for both equipment calibration and the characterization of flaws.

The above introduction provides a simplified introduction to the NDT method of ultrasonic testing.  However, to effectively perform an inspection using ultrasonics, much more about the method needs to be known.


Related blogs :

http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2017/01/Techshore-Inspection-Services-ndt-ultrasonic-testing.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/12/Techshore-Inspection-Services-liquid-penetrant-test.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-contact.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-technique-through.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-testing-techniques-pulse.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasonic-testing-techniques.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ultrasound-generation-principles-of.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-beam-explained.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/10/introduction-to-ndt-non-destructive.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-non-destructive-testing-ndt.html
http://techshoreinspections.blogspot.com/2016/09/techshore-inspection-services-explains_6.html

Documents : 

https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/civil-engineering-process-of-well-treatment-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-ultrasonic-testing-techshore
https://www.slideshare.net/techshoreinspectionservices/ndt-liquid-penetration-test-techshore

Additional references:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfufdF0-Hs3sLu1IX52ZJYA/videos
http://techshore.in/blog
http://techshore-updates.blogspot.in/
https://techshore-inspection-services.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspectionservices.blogspot.in/
https://techshoreinspections.blogspot.in/


You Tube Tutorials :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfW1eL0aTlU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URlwZ3R94u8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w9Cl58-p34
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVnsx5VC77g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ZD4je9Fbn8

Sunday, September 4, 2016

What is circular magnetization and how do we do it ?

Circular Magnetization 


Circular magnetization id the process of creating circular magnetic fields .Circular magnetic fields are produced by passing current through the part or by placing the part in a strong circular magnet field . 

Methods to produce Circular electric field : 
  1. A headshot on a wet horizontal  test unit and the use of prods are several common methods of injecting current in a part to produce a circular magnetic field
  2. Placing parts on a central conductors carrying high current is another way to produce the field

HEAD SHOT METHOD 

The units have head and tail stocks (similar to a lathe) with electrical contact that the part can be clamped between.   A circular magnetic field is produced with direct magnetization. 

The tail stock can be moved and locked into place to accommodate parts of various lengths. 

Friday, September 2, 2016

Significance of 'Energy Recovery Wheel' in HVAC !

Energy Recovery Wheels (HRWs)

The Energy Recovery Wheel, which recovers total energy (sensible as well as latent), assists in meeting all the requirements of Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), humidity control and energy saving.
DRI offers the Highest Recovery Enthalpy Wheels in the world (Aluminum substrate coated with a choice of desiccants).
Incorporation of Heat Wheels into the air-conditioning system means more outdoor air at lower energy cost (reduced chiller load).
Energy Recovery Wheels also known in the industry as Energy Conservation Wheels, Energy Recovery Wheels, Enthalpy Wheels, Sensible Wheels, Hygroscopic Wheels, Condensation Wheels or Sorption Wheels. These air-to-air Heat Exchangers can recover both sensible (Heat) and latent (Moisture) energy but may use different technologies and offer different efficiencies.

How Does the Wheel Work?

In a typical installation, the wheel is positioned in an Air Handling Unit so that it is divided into two half moon sections.
Stale exhaust air is drawn through one half and outdoor air through the other in a counter flow pattern. At the same time, the wheel is rotated. Sensible heat is transferred as the metallic substrate picks up and stores heat from the warmer air stream and gives it up to the cooler one.
Latent heat is transferred as the desiccant coating on the metallic substrate adsorbs moisture from the air stream that has the higher humidity ratio and releases the moisture into the air stream that has the lower humidity ratio.

Operating Principle


Latent heat is transferred as the synthesized metallic substrate condenses moisture from the air stream that has the higher humidity ratio through adsorption (with a simultaneous release of heat) and releases the moisture through evaporation (and heat pick-up) into the air stream that has the lower humidity ratio.

Benefits of Energy Recovery Wheels

  1. Pre-conditions incoming fresh air.
  2. Easily integrated/retrofitted into new/existing ventilation systems.
  3. Delivers fresh air throughout the year at conditions very near inside conditions.
  4. Helps to meet ventilation standard without raising energy cost.
  5. Maintains humidity conditions at no additional cost.
  6. Allows reduction in system capacity by 30 to 65%.

Thursday, September 1, 2016

HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning)

HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning)

Air conditioning, or HVAC&R, is an active, rapidly developing technology. It is closely related to the living standard of the people and to the outdoor environment, such as through ozone depletion and global warming. The term HVAC&R is an abbreviation of heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigerating. The combination of processes in this commonly adopted term is equivalent to the current definition of air conditioning. Because all these individual component processes were developed prior to the more complete concept of air conditioning, the term HVAC&R is often used by the industry.
HVAC&R, system is composed of components and equipment arranged in sequence to condition the air, to transport it to the conditioned space, and to control the indoor environmental parameters of a specific space within required limits. Most air conditioning systems perform the following functions:
l  Provide the cooling and heating energy required
l  Condition the supply air, that is, heat or cool, humidify or dehumidify, clean and purify, and attenuate any objectionable noise produced by the HVAC&R equipment
l  Distribute the conditioned air, containing sufficient outdoor air, to the conditioned space
l  Control and maintain the indoor environmental parameters–such as temperature, humidity, cleanliness, air movement, sound level, and pressure differential between the conditioned space and surroundings—within predetermined limits.
Parameters such as the size and the occupancy of the conditioned space, the indoor environmental parameters to be controlled, the quality and the effectiveness of control, and the cost involved determine the various types and arrangements of components used to provide appropriate characteristics. Air conditioning systems can be classified according to their applications as (1) comfort air conditioning systems and (2) process air conditioning systems.
Comfort air conditioning systems provide occupants with a comfortable and healthy indoor environment in which to carry out their activities. The various sectors of the economy using comfort air conditioning systems includes the commercial sectors (office buildings, supermarkets, shopping centers etc.), institutional sectors (colleges, concert halls, theaters etc.), residential sectors ( hotels, motels, apartment houses etc.), health care sectors ( hospitals, nursing homes, and convalescent care facilities), and transportation sectors ( aircraft, automobiles, cruising ships etc.)
Process air conditioning systems provide needed indoor environmental control for manufacturing, product storage, or other research and development processes. Some example of areas that require process air conditioning systems are, humidity control in textile mills, clean room for electronic product manufacturing, precise temperature control during the production of precision instruments, and temperature, humidity and air cleanliness control for pharmaceutical products.

Reference:

Shan K Wang, Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, McGraw-Hill, 2001.