Showing posts with label oil recovery. Show all posts
Showing posts with label oil recovery. Show all posts

Thursday, February 9, 2017

TECHSHORE INSPECTION SERVICES : HEAT EXCHANGERS



A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between the fluids. The fluids may be separated by a solid wall to avoid mixing. They are widely used in space heating,  power stations, chemical plants, air conditioning, petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries, refrigeration, and sewage treatment. The classic example of a heat exchanger is found in an internal combustion engine. Inside this engine is enclosed with a circulating fluid known as engine coolant flows through out the radiator coils of the engine and air flows through the coils, which cools the coolant and helps in heating the incoming air.



For the efficient operation of the compressor, the temperature inside the gas should be low. At the lower temperature, the energy will be very less and it is used to compress the gas for the given application of final temperature and pressure. However, the gas exhausted from both separators as well as the compressor will be relatively hot. When gas inside it is compressed, the thermodynamic balance remains same, which means that pressure of the gas times the volume of the liquid over the temperature (PV/T) must remain constant. (PV = nkT). As a result the temperature increase. Heat exchangers of different types are used for cooling the gas. Plate heat exchangers are the device which consist of a number of plates where the medium helps in cooling and gas circulates in opposite direction between the alternating plates. Tube and shell exchangers place tubes inside a shell enclosed with cooling fluid. Pure water with corrosion inhibitors is mainly used as cooling fluid.https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Straight-tube_heat_exchanger_1-pass.PNG/220px-Straight-tube_heat_exchanger_1-pass.PNG





When designing the process, the thermal energy balancing should be very important .Heat produced should be conserved, by using the cooling fluid produced from the gas train helps to reheat oil inside the oil train. Excess heat is dispersed, by cooling seawater. However, hot seawater will be highly corrosive, so materials with high resistance to corrosion, such as titanium must be used.

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Location: 36/977A Kattunilath, Lissie Hospital Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India

Friday, February 3, 2017

Techshore Inspection Services : Drilling Process

Drilling Process

A well is best described as a means of a natural resource or a communication link between the oil/gas reservoir and the surface.  
Once the exploration techniques have indicated the location of a potential petroleum reservoir, a well is drilled into the formation in order to allow the high pressure oil/gas to move to the lower pressure surface. 

Modern day drilling rigs use the concept oaf ROTARY DRILLING.
The 4 main functions of a rotary drilling rig are:-

    Hoisting (lifting)
    Rotating
    Circulating
    Controlling the well

The hook, swivel, Kelly, drill pipe and bit can be lifted and lowered by the hoisting system.  The Kelly, drill pipe and bit is rotated by the rotary system. Drilling fluid/mud is circulated by the circulating system. The well can be controlled by the B.O.P (Blow Out Preventer) arrangement.The process of circulating drilling mud down the drill pipe, out of the drill bit and back up the hole is a continuous operation when drilling is going on.  
The hole the rig drill does not simply start at the surface and go all the way down to the reservoir in one operation. Instead the well is drilled in stages, each time a stage is drilled, pipe is run into the hole and cemented in position for stability, the pipe is known as casing and in each stage we have a casing string. Casing is used primarily to prevent the hole collapsing, the number and size of the casing strings is determined by the final depth, the formation conditions, final well pressure and type of service, i.e. oil or gas etc. In the production of the oil/gas from the reservoir to the surface is usually via production tubing and not production casing.Down the Centre of the casing strings there are strings of smaller diameter pipe known as tubing. After drilling the hole, installation and cementing of casing, the operation of installing the tubing and associated equipment is carried out. This is known as “well completion”.

Components of drilling rig:

Derrick:

It is a support structure for the equipment used to lower and raise the drill string into and out of the wellbore

Drill bit:
It is a device attached to the end of the drill string that breaks apart the rock being drilled. It contains jets through which the drilling fluid exits.

 Drill string:
Drill string consists of a collection of drill pipe, drill pipe of heavy weight , drill collars and any of a whole collection different types of tools, connected and run into the well bore to facilitate the drilling of a well. The collection is known as the drill string.

Mud pump:

It is a reciprocal type of pump used to circulate drilling fluid through the system.

Rotary Table:

It rotates, along with its supporting parts consisting of the kelly and kelly bushing, the drill string bit and attached tools.


It is the top end of the Kelly that allows the rotation of the drill string without twisting the block.


It is the moving end of the block and tackle. Together, they give a significant mechanical advantage for lifting.


It separates drill cuttings from the drilling fluid before it is pumped back down the wellbore


These are devices installed at the wellhead to prevent fluids and gases from unintentionally escaping from the wellbore


It is a device attached to the end of the drill string that breaks apart the rock being drilled. It contains jets through which the drilling fluid exits.
It is a flexible, high pressure hose that connects the standpipe to the Kelly (or more specifically to the goose neck on the swivel above the Kelly) and it helps in the free movement in vertical direction of the Kelly, while maintaining the flow of the drilling fluid through out the system and down side movement of the drill string.
It is the stationary end of the block and tackle located at the top of the derrick.



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Location: 36/977A Kattunilath, Lissie Hospital Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India

Tuesday, November 22, 2016

PRINCIPLES OF OIL AND GAS SEPARATION

Crude oil flowing out  of  oil  well  contains  gas, H2O and sediments ,  inorganic matter like sand  in  addition to the  oil  . Before crude oil is dispatched  to the refinery  by ship or pipeline major   quantity of water,  sediments and gas need to be removed  .This is achieved through  a series of unit operations  at the processing centre or platform  .

3- PHASE SEPERATOR

As  the name indicates in this vessel operates with  3  phases , a gas  phase , oil phase and water phase  . The separator may be  horizontal or vertical in  shape  . In case of vertical  vessel crude oil enters near the  middle of  the  vertical vessel , in the case  of  horizontal vessel  . In  case of horizontal vessel entry  is at one end of  the vessel .The  sketch of the horizontal vessel showing the interna parts and and flow  pattern  .
At the entry point inside the vessel a  deflector  plate or  (impringe  plate )  is provided to arrest the forward velocity of the incoming fluid .At  this point itself majority of the oil water  mix is separated from the gas  however the gas will still contain  some entrapped oil  and  water particles  .The gas then passes  through a  coalescing plates in the packing liquid  particle face resistance to the  forward  movement  and slow down  .They  coalesce together and  became heavy  and fall  down  and get  separated from gas .The gas then moves forward towards the outlet at the mouth of the gas outlet inside the vessel .
            A  mist  eliminator  is provided  to remove the  minute liquid particles that may  escape  the  coalescing  plates assembly .Oil and water reflected by the  plate falls down under gravity into the bottom  of the vessel . As the oil mixture moves forward oil moves upward and water moves downwards . The length  of the vessel is such  that  there is sufficient residual  time for both liquid to separate into different layers  .At the far end of the vessel  a weir plate is provided oil overflows through the weir plate and it is readily removed  from the outlet pipe  . The  H2O  outlet is the upstream of the weir plate  and readily removed through the water outlet  . The weir plate helps to segregate   the  oil water outlet and ensures more liquid  level at the bottom of  the separator  and prevent the gas from they passing the coalescing  plates  ,  other will be an oil and  water controller  .

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Location: 36/977A Kattunilath, Lissie Hospital Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
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