Crude oil flowing out of oil well contains gas, H2O and sediments , inorganic matter like sand in addition to the oil . Before crude oil is dispatched to the refinery by ship or pipeline major quantity of water, sediments and gas need to be removed .This is achieved through a series of unit operations at the processing centre or platform .
At the entry point inside the vessel a deflector plate or (impringe plate ) is provided to arrest the forward velocity of the incoming fluid .At this point itself majority of the oil water mix is separated from the gas however the gas will still contain some entrapped oil and water particles .The gas then passes through a coalescing plates in the packing liquid particle face resistance to the forward movement and slow down .They coalesce together and became heavy and fall down and get separated from gas .The gas then moves forward towards the outlet at the mouth of the gas outlet inside the vessel .
A mist eliminator is provided to remove the minute liquid particles that may escape the coalescing plates assembly .Oil and water reflected by the plate falls down under gravity into the bottom of the vessel . As the oil mixture moves forward oil moves upward and water moves downwards . The length of the vessel is such that there is sufficient residual time for both liquid to separate into different layers .At the far end of the vessel a weir plate is provided oil overflows through the weir plate and it is readily removed from the outlet pipe . The H2O outlet is the upstream of the weir plate and readily removed through the water outlet . The weir plate helps to segregate the oil water outlet and ensures more liquid level at the bottom of the separator and prevent the gas from they passing the coalescing plates , other will be an oil and water controller .
3- PHASE SEPERATOR
As the name indicates in this vessel operates with 3 phases , a gas phase , oil phase and water phase . The separator may be horizontal or vertical in shape . In case of vertical vessel crude oil enters near the middle of the vertical vessel , in the case of horizontal vessel . In case of horizontal vessel entry is at one end of the vessel .The sketch of the horizontal vessel showing the interna parts and and flow pattern .At the entry point inside the vessel a deflector plate or (impringe plate ) is provided to arrest the forward velocity of the incoming fluid .At this point itself majority of the oil water mix is separated from the gas however the gas will still contain some entrapped oil and water particles .The gas then passes through a coalescing plates in the packing liquid particle face resistance to the forward movement and slow down .They coalesce together and became heavy and fall down and get separated from gas .The gas then moves forward towards the outlet at the mouth of the gas outlet inside the vessel .
A mist eliminator is provided to remove the minute liquid particles that may escape the coalescing plates assembly .Oil and water reflected by the plate falls down under gravity into the bottom of the vessel . As the oil mixture moves forward oil moves upward and water moves downwards . The length of the vessel is such that there is sufficient residual time for both liquid to separate into different layers .At the far end of the vessel a weir plate is provided oil overflows through the weir plate and it is readily removed from the outlet pipe . The H2O outlet is the upstream of the weir plate and readily removed through the water outlet . The weir plate helps to segregate the oil water outlet and ensures more liquid level at the bottom of the separator and prevent the gas from they passing the coalescing plates , other will be an oil and water controller .
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