BLOW OUT PREVENTER (BOP)

BLOW  OUT  PREVENTER   (BOP)

It  is a large specialized  valve used to seal  control and monitor oil and gas wells . BOP’s where developed to copup extreme  eratic  pressure  and uncontrolled  flow (formation vick ) from the well reservoir during drilling . kicks can load to potentially catastrophic damage or eratic called blow out .
               In addition to control the down hole (occurring in the drill hole ) pressure and antiflow of  oil and gas , BOP ‘s are intended to prevent tubing (eg: drill pipe and well casing ).Tools  and drilling fluids  are being blown  out of the well when  blow out threatens .
              BOP’s are  critical  to the safety  of the crew , rig equipment system  and  environment and the monitoring and maintenance of well integrity. These BOP’s are intended to be a fail-safe  device. The  BOP  is secured to  the drilling  platform and is used during the drilling process  to monitor and control the  the flow andprerssures of oil and gas that fluctuate during drilling. The BOP is to prevent damage to the rig and crew in the event of blow

RAMS  IN BLOW OUT PREVENTER

BOP  is  usually  consist  of  a  variety  of  different  rams  stacked  vertically .  Each  ram  in  the  stack  has  specific  function  that  is  used  in  different situations .A ram-type BOP works with a pair of opposing steel plungers called rams. The rams are again extend toward the center of the wellbore in order to restrict flow or allows opening in order to permit flow. The interior portion as well as the top faces of the rams are connected with some materials made up of elastometric seals called packers that press against each other, against the wellbore, and around the tube which is running inside the wellbore. Outlets at the sides of the BOP housing (body) are used for connection to choke and kill lines or valves.

1. PIPE  RAMS
   The  pipe  rams  close  around  the outside  of the drill pipe  restricting , the  flow in the  space between  the drill and the wellbore also  known as the annulas .
2. BLIND  RAMS
   The  blind  rams can seal off the  well  if  there  is no pipe in  the  well .
3. BLIND  SHEAR RAMS
   The  blind  shear rams can seal off  the  well  even when there is a pipe  in the well  by  cutting through the pipe