TECHSHORE INSPECTION SERVICES :Separators

Separator is a pressure vessel used to separate oil and gas from the well fluids to liquid and gaseous components .Separators are classified on the basis of operating configuration ,operating pressure ,function and by application.  The functions of oil and gas separators can be divided into the primary and secondary function.

PRIMARY FUNCTIONS OF SEPARATOR

Removal of gas from oil-The physical and chemical characteristics of the oil and the characteristics of pressure and temperature determine the amount of gas present in the in solution. The rate at which the gas is liberated from given oil is a function of change in pressure and temperature. 

The volume of gas that an oil and gas separator will remove from crude oil is dependent on 

(1) chemical and  physical characteristics of the crude

(2) operating temperature

(3) operating pressure 

(4) rate of throughput

(5) size and specification of the separator

(6) other factors.

Removal of oil from gas-oil and gas are having different densities and this difference in density in separation of oil and gas separator. In some cases mechanical separators are used to separate liquid mist from the gas, mainly mist extractors are used for this process.

Separation of water from oil-presence of water in oil is one of major challenge for the oil producers.  Today oil fields produce greater quantities of water than they produce oil. Along with greater water production it generates emulsions and dispersions which are more difficult to treat. The separation process becomes interlocked with a group of impurities as the last drop of oil is being extracted from the reservoir. In some instances it is preferable to separate and to remove water from the well fluid before it flows through pressure reductions, such as those caused by chokes and valves. Such water removal may prevent difficulties that could be caused downstream by the water, such as corrosion which can be referred to as being chemical reactions that occurs whenever a gas or liquid chemically attacks an exposed metallic surface.

SECONDARY FUNCTIONS OF SEPARATOR

To maintain liquid seal in separator-To maintain pressure on a separator, a liquid seal must be present in the lower portion of the vessel. The function of the liquid seal is to prevent the loss of gas with the oil and requires the use of a liquid-level controller and a valve.Optimum pressure maintenance- Pressure must be maintained in the separator so that the liquid and gas can be flow into their respective processing and storage systems. Gas backpressure valve is used to maintain the pressure on the separator, having a backpressure valve that controls the pressure on a battery of two or more separators. The optimum pressure to maintain on a separator is the pressure that will increase economic benefit from the sale of the liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons.

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