Saturday, December 24, 2016

TECHSHORE INSPECTION SERVICES : HVAC : DUCTS

DUCTS
In heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, Ducts are used for both supply as well as to remove air. These needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, fresh air and exhaust air.
            Ducts also provide most commonly accessible parts of the supply air chamber, ventilation air and which removes the air inside the room to the machine for re circulation. As such, the proper design of duct system is the one method which provides an acceptable indoor air quality as well as comfortable thermal variation.




DIFFERENT TYPES OF DUCTS
     SUPPLY AIR DUCT
The duct which supplies the conditioned air from the equipment which should make that air conditioned to the outer space which should be conditioned is called supply air duct.
     RETURN AIR DUCT
The duct which carry the recirculating the conditioned air from the conditioned area circulates back to the air conditioning device is called as return air duct.
FRESH AIR DUCT
The duct device which sucks the outside air from the atmosphere is called fresh air duct.
 LOW PRESSURE DUCT:
When the duct is having a static pressure below 50 mm of water gauge, this type of duct is said to be a low pressure duct.
HIGH PRESSURE DUCT:
 When the static pressure is from 150 to 250 mm of water gauge, the duct is said to be a high pressure duct.
LOW VELOCITY DUCT:
When the velocity of the air in the duct is up to 600 m/min, the duct is said to be low velocity duct.
HIGH VELOCITY DUCT:
When the duct is having an air velocity more than 600 m/min, the duct is said to be high velocity duct.
DIFFERENT DUCT SHAPES
Duct may be round, square or rectangular.
Round duct carry more air with less friction loss than ducts of any other shape with the same cross sectional area.
 Square duct will have less friction loss compared to that rectangular ducts.
Aspect ratio of rectangular ducts should be kept as low as possible.
THINGS TO TAKEN IN CONSIDERATION
High static pressure and velocity will result in noise, but the low velocity system will result in less fan motor static and duct size, resulting in less noise.
Flexible ducts made up of aluminum foil are also available in the market, but flexible ducts contain a high friction so the length of each flexible duct is limited to 1.5 meters.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DUCTS BASED ON MATERIALS
Galvanized stainless steel
Aluminum duct
Fabric material duct
Flexible aluminum foil ducts
Sand cement plastered duct

DUCT INSULATION

            Insulations are provided for ducts in order to prevent leakage of conditioned air from the duct to the surroundings called thermal insulation. Additional to this one more insulation is used to prevent the sound from duct to the conditioned room called acoustic insulation.

DESIRABLE PROPERTIES OF INSULATING MATERIALS
 Low thermal conductivity.
 Impervious to water vapor.
 Resistance to fire.
 Mechanical strength.
 Resistance to fungus and bacteria.
 Easiness of laying.
 MATERIALS USED FOR DUCTS
Fiber glass wools
Expanded polystyrene
 Nitrile foam
Polyurethane foam
Low density thermo coal
Plaster of Paris
Polythene
Canvas
Wood
Cork, etc.



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